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PERIODICAL
FASTING AND CALORIC RESTRICTION FOR LIFE EXTENSION,
DISEASE TREATMENT AND CREATIVITY.
(clinical and experimental data)
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FASTING AND CALORIC RESTRICTION PREVENT AND CURE DISEASES
(Evidence) |
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Department of Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the
effect of individualized diet challenges consisting
of allergenic foods, defined by the skin prick test
(SPT), on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and
interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Twenty patients
with a positive SPT response for food extracts and 20
with a negative SPT response were enrolled. None of
the patients had active disease. All patients were fasted
for the most common allergenic foods for 12 days and
then allocated to two groups according to SPT results.
Food challenges were performed with allergenic foods
in the prick-positive group (PPG) and with corn and
rice in the prick-negative group (PNG) for a period
of 12 days. Then, allergenic foods were excluded from
the PPG patients' diet and corn and rice were removed
from the PNG patients' diet. Clinical examinations were
performed after fasting (baseline), at the end of the
challenge phase and at the end of the re-elimination
phase. Stiffness, pain, tender and swollen joint counts,
health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), Ritchie's articular
index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive
protein (CRP) and serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels
were measured. RESULTS: TNF-alpha (P < 0.01), IL-1beta
(P < 0.05), ESR (P < 0.05) and CRP (P = 0.001)
levels and all of the clinical variables, except HAQ,
were increased with food challenges in the PPG. These
increases were also recorded after the re-elimination
phase. In the PNG, no significant change was seen in
any of the variables, except pain (P < 0.05). During
the study, important differences were observed for most
of the variables between the two groups. Thirteen (72%)
patients in the PPG and three (18%) in the PNG experienced
disease exacerbation with challenges. This aggravation
continued after elimination. CONCLUSIONS: Our results
suggest that individualized dietary revisions may regulate
TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in selected patients with
RA.
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Nutritional Immunology Laboratory,
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging,
Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA
02111, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The immunologic effects
of isocaloric reduced- and low-fat diets and a voluntary
calorie-restricted low-fat diet resulting in weight
loss were compared to the immunologic effects of an
average American diet in hyperlipidemic individuals.
METHODS: Ten hyperlipidemic subjects were studied during
three six-week weight maintenance phases: baseline (BL)
[35% fat [14% saturated fat (SFA), 13% monounsaturated
fat (MUFA), 8% polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)] and 147 mg
cholesterol (C)/1000 kcal], reduced-fat (RF) [26% fat
(4% SFA, 11% MUFA, 11% PUFA) and 45 mg C/1000 kcal],
and low-fat (LF) [15% fat (5% SFA, 5% MUFA, 3% PUFA)
and 35 mg C/1000 kcal] diets followed by 12-week, low-fat
calorie reduced phase (LFCR). RESULTS: During the last
phase, the subjects' weight significantly decreased
(p = 0.005). Cholesterol levels were significantly reduced
during all phases, compared to BL diet (p < 0.05).
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was assessed using
Multi-test CMI. Maximum induration diameters were 22.7,
25.4, 30.5, 34.5 mm for BL, RF, LF and LFCR diets, respectively.
Subjects on the LFCR diets had significantly higher
DTH compared to the BL diet (p = 0.005). No significant
effect of diet was observed on lymphocyte proliferation
or interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E(2)
production. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that low-fat
diets (15% energy), under conditions which result in
weight loss, do not compromise and may enhance the immune
response of middle-aged and elderly hyperlipidemic subjects.
The results of this study provide support for the hypothesis
that moderate caloric restriction in humans may have
a beneficial effect on cell-mediated immunity such as
those reported in calorie-restricted rodents.
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Department of Public Health, Hamamatsu
University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
Fasting alters various hormonal
and immune conditions. It has been reported that delayed
type immune response to the injection of keyhole limpet
hemocyanin was depressed by short-term fasting. In this
study, we adopted the computer-assisted image analyzer
for histopathological analysis and evaluated the influence
of short-term fasting on allergic contact dermatitis
induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Mice were
sensitized by painting of DNFB to the abdomen. After
the sensitization, mice were challenged by DNFB painting
to the ear. Fasting started 24 hour before (48-hour
fasted group) or immediately after (24-hour fasted group)
the challenging. Fasting without DNFB treatment did
not induce remarkable change of ear thickness, ear tissue,
serum albumin, serum total protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic
transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. or
serum creatine phosphokinase. In contrast, lasting suppressed
the increment of ear thickness in the DNFB-treated group
in this study. We could also demonstrate, using the
computerized image analyzer, that both lymphocyte infiltration
and the edema in the dermis were suppressed in fasted
mice treated with DNFB. Further, edema in the dermis
was inhibited more strongly in 48-hour fasted mice than
in 24-hour lasted mice. These findings indicate that
short-term fasting induce histopathological changes
in the state of contact dermatitis.
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