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PERIODICAL
FASTING AND CALORIC RESTRICTION FOR LIFE EXTENSION,
DISEASE TREATMENT AND CREATIVITY.
(clinical and experimental data)
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FASTING AND CALORIC RESTRICTION PREVENT AND CURE DISEASES
(Evidence) |
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Sleep apnea is a disorder that
commonly afflicts more than 12 million people in the
United States. It takes its name from the Greek word
apnea, which means "without breath." People with sleep
apnea literally stop breathing repeatedly during their
sleep, often for a minute or longer and as many as hundreds
of times during a single night. Sleep apnea can be caused
by either complete obstruction of the airway (obstructive
apnea) or partial obstruction (obstructive hypopnea--
hypopnea is slow, shallow breathing), both of which
can wake one up. There are three types of sleep apnea
— obstructive, central, and mixed. Of these, obstructive
sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common. OSA occurs in
approximately 2 percent of women and 4 percent of men
over the age of 35.
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2002
West Roxbury VA Medical Center
and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West
Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
Aging produces a loss in a number
of behavioral and cognitive functions, including sleep.
Hypocaloric diet is one of the few methods that have
been shown to retard the effects due to age. However,
the effects of such a diet on sleep have never been
investigated. In the present study, 21 months old
male F344 rats fed a 60% calorie-reduced diet continued
to have a significant reduction in delta power (0.3-4
Hz EEG), less sleep following 12 h total sleep deprivation
(TSD) and increased sensitivity to caffeine compared
to young rats (3 months) fed a similar diet. These
results indicate that caloric restriction is unable
to prevent the decline in sleep that occurs with aging.
Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc.
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1998
Department of Otolaryngology,
Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
The aim of this study was to
examine the effect of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD)-induced
weight loss on the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea
(OSA), blood pressure and cardiac autonomic regulation
in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
(OSAS). A total of 15 overweight patients (14 men
and one woman, body weight 114 +/- 20 kg, age 52 +/-
9 years, range 39-67 years) with OSAS were studied
prospectively. They were advised to follow a 2.51-3.35
MJ (600-800 kcal) diet daily for a 3-month period.
In the beginning of the study, the patients underwent
nocturnal sleep studies, autonomic function tests
and 24-h electrocardiograph (ECG) recording. In addition,
15 age-matched, normal-weight subjects were studied.
They underwent the Valsalva test, the deep-breathing
test and assessment of heart rate variability at rest.
The sleep studies and autonomic function tests were
repeated after the weight loss period. There was a
significant reduction in weight (114 +/- 20 kg to
105 +/- 21 kg, P < 0.001), the weight loss being 9.2
+/- 4.0 kg (range 2.3-19.5 kg). This was associated
with a significant improvement in the oxygen desaturation
index (ODI4) during sleep (31 +/- 20-19 +/- 18, P
< 0.001). Before the weight loss the OSAS patients
had significantly higher blood pressure (150 +/- 18
vs. 134 +/- 20, P < 0.05, for systolic blood pressure,
98 +/- 10 vs. 85 +/- 13, P < 0.05, for diastolic blood
pressure) and heart rate (67 +/- 10 beats min-1 vs.
60 +/- 13, P < 0.05) at rest than the control group.
They had also lower baroreflex sensitivity (4.7 +/-
2.8 ms mmHg-1 vs. 10.8 +/- 7.1 ms mmHg-1, P < 0.01).
During the weight reduction, the blood pressure declined
significantly, and the baroreflex sensitivity increased
by 49%. In conclusion, our experience shows that weight
loss with VLCD is an effective treatment for OSAS.
Weight loss improved significantly sleep apnoea and
had favourable effects on blood pressure and baroreflex
sensitivity that may have prognostic implications.
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