Leuzea Carthamoides - Clinical and Experimental Scientific Data

Leuzea carthamoides and
20-hydroxyecdysone : Bibliography and References
List of Scientific Articles (Abstracts).
Experimental and Clinical data.

2002
Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2002 Jan-Mar;(1):29-33
Osipova SO, Islamova ZhI, Syrov VN, Badalova NS, Khushbaktova ZA.
"Ecdysten in the treatment of giardiasis."
Abstract: The drug ecdisten as tablets is the natural compound ecdisteron was extracted from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Jljin. Ecdisten was
tested in the treatment of 32 and 3 patients with persistent and acute giardiasis, respectively. A ten-day course of ecdisten, 5 mg 3 or 4 times a
day, resulted in a clinical and parasitological recovery in 22 (68.7%) and 3 patients, respectively. After the reuse of a ecdisten course in 4
patients with persistent giardiasis wherein its initial dose was increased, recovery was achieved in 3 cases, the efficacy of the agent was 78.1%.
Ecdisten should be used to treat giardiasis, in its chronic pattern or resistance to conventional giardicial agents.

2002
J Ethnopharmacol 2002 Sep;82(1):51-3
Kokoska L, Polesny Z, Rada V, Nepovim A, Vanek T.
Department of Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Czech University of Agriculture, Kamycka 129, Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
"Screening of some Siberian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity."
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts of 16 Siberian medicinal plants was tested against five species of microorganisms: Bacillus
cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Of the 16 plants tested, 12 showed
antimicrobial activity against one or more species of microorganisms. The most active antimicrobial plants were Bergenia crassifolia,
Chelidonium majus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Tussilago farfara.

2001
Eksp Klin Farmakol 2001 Nov-Dec;64(6):45-7
Plotnikov MB, Aliev OI, Vasil'ev AS, Maslov MIu, Dmitruk SE, Krasnov EA.
Laboratory of Circulatory, Tomsk Institute of Pharmacology, Tomsk Scientific Center, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences,
Tomsk, Russia.
"Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract on hemorheological properties of blood in rats with arterial hypertension."
Abstract: The hemorheological activity of a dry extract from Rhaponticum (Leuzea) carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. was studied in spontaneously
hypertensive rats (SHRs). A 14-day treatment of the test rats with a daily dose of 150 mg/kg improved the rheological characteristics, as
manifested by a reduced viscosity of the whole blood and plasma, increased spontaneous erythrocyte aggregation and fibrinogen concentration,
and increased erythrocyte deformability and electrophoretic mobility against the untreated control level.

2001
Bull Exp Biol Med 2001 Oct;132(4):1017-20
Logvinov SV, Pugachenko NV, Potapov AV, Krasnov EA, Plotnikov MB, Maslov MY, Aliev OI, Tyukavkina NA.
Siberian State Medical University.
"Ischemia-induced changes in synaptoarchitectonics of brain cortex and their correction with ascovertin and Leuzea extract."
Abstract: Peroral administration of 70 mg/kg ascovertin and 150 mg/kg Leuzea extract to rats with cerebral ischemia for 5 days prevented
destructive changes and decrease in the density of synapses in the cerebral cortex. These preparations activated compensatory and reparative
mechanisms underlying plasticity of the synaptic pool, which was realized through hypertrophy and destruction of synaptic contacts. Ascovertin
possessed more pronounced cerebroprotective activity than Leuzea extract.

2000
Eksp Klin Farmakol 2000 Jul-Aug;63(4):35-7
Mirzaev IR, Syrov VN, Khrushev SA, Iskanderova SD.
Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
"Effect of ecdystene on parameters of the sexual function under experimental and clinical conditions."
Abstract: The effects of ecdysterone and the related drug ecdysten on the sexual activity were studied under experimental and clinical conditions. A 10-day administration of ecdysterone (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) improved behavioral characteristics of the sexual function in rats, the effect being especially pronounced during the fist days of experiment. The administration of ecdysten to men with the infertility diagnosis (disturbed spermatogenesis as a complication of some urologic diseases) increased the copulative function and improved the sperm quality. The administration of ecdysten to patients in the stage of recovery upon myocardial infarction also improved the sexual function.

2000
Eksp Klin Farmakol 2000 Jul-Aug;63(4):29-31
Maimeskulova LA, Maslov LN.
Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
"Anti-arrhythmic effect of phytoadaptogens."
Abstract: Repeated prophylactic administration of plant adaptogen preparations based on extracts from rhodiola, eleutherococcus, leuzea, and ginseng, produced a pronounced antiarrhythmic effect on the model of adrenal arrhythmia in animals. Preliminary opioid receptor block by naloxone reduced the protective effect of phytopreparations in the adapted animals. Intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration of naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) showed that the anti-arrhythmic effect of rhodiola extract proceeds through the activation of both central and peripheral opioid receptors.

1999
Ukr Biokhim Zh 1999 Nov-Dec;71(6):37-42
Kuz'menko AI, Morozova RP, Nikolenko IA, Donchenko GV.
"Characteristics of antioxidant properties of 20-hydroxyecdysone in low density lipoproteins by kinetic parameters of chemiluminescence."
Abstract: 20-Hydroxyecdysone is capable to terminate the lipid free-radical oxidation in low density lipoprotein in vitro as displayed by the kinetic chemiluminescence parameters. In concentrations interval from 2 x 10(-6) mol/l up to 8 x 10(-6) mol/l it statistically reliably reduces maximum of the first flash intensity of the low density lipoprotein Fe(2+)-initiated chemiluminescence. It testifies about Fe(2+)-initiated lipid peroxide process decomposition in low density lipoprotein slowing down by 20-hydroxyecdysone. In concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone 8 x 10(-6) mol/l the statistically reliable reduction of angle tangent of an ascending branch of the second flash of low density lipoprotein Fe(2+)-initiated chemiluminescence was found. This is a result of free-radical lipid oxidation rate reduction in the low density lipoprotein at the 20-hydroxyeodysone presence. The equations of the kinetic parameters linear dependences Fe(2+)-initiated chemiluminescence in low density lipoprotein on the concentration of 20-hydroxyeodysone and hydroquinone have been received. The correlation factors in the interval from 0.8980 up to 0.6789 have been calculated. Thus, the assumption has been forwarded that 20-hydroxyeodysone has antioxidizing properties. However, its antioxidizing activity in free radical lipid oxidation of is low density lipoprotein is as less as for hydroquinone.

1999
Ukr Biokhim Zh - 1999 May-Jun; 71(3): 35-8
Kuz'menko AI.
"Antioxidant effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone in a model system." Original Title: "Izuchenie antiokislitel'nogo effekta 20-gidroksiekdizona v model'noi sisteme."
Abstract: Changes in the level of lipid free-radical oxidation in mitochondrial fraction at the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone in 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 microM concentration with the help of a chemiluminescence (ChL) method were investigated in vitro. Statistically authentic reduction of ChL kinetic parameters--I(s) and tg alpha, at 20-hydroxyecdysone presence in concentration of 2 microM was found. 20-hydroxyecdysone administration in concentration 4 microM and more leads to the statistically authentic change of all four ChL parameters. The antioxidizing effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone was compared with action of such antioxidant as a hydroquinone. The higher activity of 20-hydroxyecdysone as an antioxidant in comparison with the hydroquinone was shown. For changes of all four measured kinetic parameters of ChL, concentration of the hydroquinone as much 2-fold than for 20-hydroxyecdysone is necessary. On the basis of our researches in the model system a conclusion was made that 20-hydroxyecdysone has an antioxidizing action on lipid free radical oxidation in mitochondrial fraction in dependents on concentration. 20-Hydroxyecdysone has antioxidizing properties directly, in these conditions in vitro, when its metabolites formation does not occur yet.

1999
Phytother Res., 1999. V. 13 (4). – P. 275-291
Rege NN, Thatte UM, Dahanukar SA.
"Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine."

1998
Arch. Intern. Med., 1998. V. 158 (20). – P. 2200-2211
Miller LG.
"Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions."

1998
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1998 Nov-Dec;61(6):31-5 in Russian
Amosova EN, Zueva EP, Razina TG, Turetskova VF, Azarova OV, Krylova SG, Gol'dberg ED.
Institute of Pharmacology, Tomsk Research Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia.
"The search for new anti-ulcer agents from plants in Siberia and the Far East."
Abstract: Screening tests on mice with the use of a model of neurogenic damage to the stomach revealed antiulcerative activity in extracts of Amoor cork tree, Pacific Bergenia, Lespedeza dichromatic, Leuzea carthamoides, sea-buckthorn, common aspen, Manchurian nuts, Serratula coronarius, and Scutellaria baicalensis. It was proved that an extract of aspen cork produces a marked antiulcerative effect on being administered to animals with "acute" ulcers and in treatment of chronic peptic ulcer. The study of various drug forms of Serratula coronarius extracts (prepared from the bark and the bark and shoots) in experiments on mice (neurogenic ulcer) and rats (Aspirin ulcer) revealed the most marked gastroprotective effect of oil extracts of bark and shoots. A high antiulcerogenic activity of extracts prepared from grass and roots of Scutellaria baicalensis was demonstrated.

1998
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1998 May-Jun;61(3):61-3
Azizov AP, Seifulla RD.
Department of Biologically Active Substances, All-Russian Research Institute of Physical Culture, Mowcow, Russia.
"The effect of elton, leveton, fitoton and adapton on the work capacity of experimental animals."
Abstract: The test with running on a treadbane showed a 56% increase of working capacity in the control group of male albino mice on the 20th
day of training. Oral administration of elton, leveton, phytoton, and adapton, as well as Leuzea and Rhodiola extracts and Schisandra chinensis
tincture caused a statistically significant increase in the time of running on the treadbane of animals by the 10th day of medication. The increase
in the working capacity of the animals was more marked by the 20th day. In the test of swimming "to the limit" adapton, phytoton, leveton, and
elton increased to a greater extent the working capacity of male albino rats in diminishing succession (from 213 to 168%). Schisandra tincture
and Rhodiola and Leuzea extracts also increased the swimming time of the animals by 135-159%.

1997
Drogenreport Jg. 1997, 10, Heft 16: 5-9
Galambosi B, Varga Zs, Hajdu, Jokela K.
"Introduction of Leuzea carthamoides DC. As an adaptive medical plant in the nordic climate."

1997
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997 Nov-Dec;60(6):47-8 in Russian
Azizov AP, Seifulla RD, Chubarova AV.
Department of Medicobiological Problems of Highest Achievements in Sports, Research Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow, Russia.
"Effects of leuzea tincture and leveton on humoral immunity of athletes."
Abstract: The effect of 20-day administration of ectisten-containing tincture of leuzea and leveton on humoral immunity of track and field runners for distances of 5,000 and 10,000 m was studied. Intensive cyclic physical activity induced significant decrease of IgG and IgA in blood serum of the athletes as well as the complement C3 component on the 10th and 20th days. Both drugs contributed to restoration of the lowered IgG, IgA, and C3 concentration. The effect of leveton was more pronounced. The working capacity of the athletes grew by 10 to 15% in this case.

1997
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997 Sep-Oct;60(5):58-60 in Russian
Azizov AP.
Department of Medicobiological Problems of Higher Achievements in Sports, Research Institute of Physical Culture, Moscow, Russia.
"Effects of eleutherococcus, elton, leuzea, and leveton on the blood coagulation system during training in athletes."
Abstract: Comparative study was conducted of formal preparations of tinctures of eleutherococcus and leuzea and the newly developed preparations Elton and Leveton containing, respectively, eleutherosids and ecdisten. Intensive physical activity of high-class athletes leads to increase of blood coagulation expressed in shortening of the thromboelastogram r and K intervals and increased activity of the proth rombin complex according to Quick, and increased activity of factors II, VII, X, XIII, and fibrinolysis. The concentration of fibrinogen increases. A 20-day course of eleuthrococcus tincture causes a decrease in the blood coagulation potential and activity of the blood coagulation factors induced by intensive training of the athletes. Twenty-day treatment with the new broad-spectrum adaptogens Elton and Leveton causes a more marked reduction of the coagulation potential in athl etes. The activity of the factors and fibrinolys are normalized in this case. The indicated shifts are accompanied with increase of working capacity and rehabilitation of the athletes.

1997
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997 May-Jun;60(3):41-4 in Russian
Syrov VN, Nasyrova SS, Khushbaktova ZA.
"The results of experimental study of phytoecdysteroids as erythropoiesis stimulators in laboratory animals."
Abstract: Phytoecdysteroids alpha-ecdysone, 2-desoxyecdysterone, ecdysterone, sileneoside A, and turkesterone isolated from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) IIjin, Silene brahuica Boiss and Ajuga turkestanica (Rgl.) Repeated administration of brig increased the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood of intact rats. The most active of them--ecdysterone, sileneoside A, and, particularly turkesterone, cause also a marked effect on red blood regeneration in hemotoxic phenylhydrazine anemia. In its capacity for simulating erythropoiesis turkesterone resembles the well-known steroidal anabolic drug nerobol.

1997
Biochemistry (Mosc) - 1997 Jun; 62(6): 609-12
Kuzmenko AI, Morozova RP, Nikolenko IA, Korniets GV, Kholodova YuD.
"Effects of vitamin D3 and ecdysterone on free-radical lipid peroxidation."
Abstract: Free-radical-induced lipid peroxidation was studied in vivo by measuring chemiluminescence of tissues from vitamin D-deficit animals before and after peroral administration of low-molecular-weight biological steroids vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and ecdysterone. The kinetics of lipid chemiluminescence in model systems in vitro were determined in blood serum and microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of the liver. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and ecdysterone displayed antiradical properties; the latter was more potent in this respect. Oxidation of lipids by hydroxyl groups contained in ecdysterone can account for its antiradical effect. Ecdysterone and D3 may cause antiradical effects through the same mechanisms.

1997
Ukr Biokhim Zh - 1997 May-Jun; 69(3): 3-9
Kholodova IuD, Tugai VA, Zimina VP.
"Effect of vitamin D3 and 20-hydroxyecdysone on the content of ATP, creatine phosphate, carnosine and Ca2+ in skeletal muscles."
Abstract: The effect of vitamin D3, and extract containing 20-hydroxyecdysone on the level of basic metabolites in the skeletal muscles of rats has been studied. It was shown that development of D-hypovitaminosis is accompanied by the decrease in content of ATP, creatine phosphate, carnosine, and by the increase of Ca2+ content. Against the background of D-hypovitaminosis the 20-hydroxyecdysone promote the increase of the amount of these metabolites up to the control of one and normalize Ca2+ content in them.

1997
Pharmazie 1997, May;52(5): 406-7.
Kosar K, Opletal L, Vokac K, Harmatha J, Sovova M, Cerovsky J, Kratky F, Dvorak J.
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
"Embryotoxicity of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B from Leuzea carthamoides DC."

1997
Biochemistry (Mosc) - 1997 Jun; 62(6): 609-12
Kuzmenko AI, Morozova RP, Nikolenko IA, Korniets GV, Kholodova YuD.
"Effects of vitamin D3 and ecdysterone on free-radical lipid peroxidation."
Abstract: Free-radical-induced lipid peroxidation was studied in vivo by measuring chemiluminescence of tissues from vitamin D-deficit animals before and after peroral administration of low-molecular-weight biological steroids vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and ecdysterone. The kinetics of lipid chemiluminescence in model systems in vitro were determined in blood serum and microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of the liver. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and ecdysterone displayed antiradical properties; the latter was more potent in this respect. Oxidation of lipids by hydroxyl groups contained in ecdysterone can account for its antiradical effect. Ecdysterone and D3 may cause antiradical effects through the same mechanisms.

1997
Jpn J Pharmacol 1997 Aug; 74(4):331-5
Hanaya R, Sasa M, Ishihara K, Akimitsu T, Iida K, Amano T, Serikawa T, Arita K, Kurisu K.
Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
"Antiepileptic effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on convulsive seizures in spontaneously epileptic rats."
Abstract: We examined the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), a neurosteroid found in insects that is involved in their developmental process, on both tonic convulsion and absence-like seizure in spontaneously epileptic rat (SER). When 20-HE was given orally to SER at 25-200 mg/kg, significant decreases of the tonic convulsion were observed with 100 and 200 mg/kg. Pretreatment of the animal with bicuculline (1 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized the inhibitory effects of 20-HE. However, absence-like seizures were not affected by 20-HE. These findings indicate that 20-HE produces antiepileptic effects on tonic convulsion by acting on the modulatory site of GABA(A) receptors.

1997
Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie, 1997. V. 46 (6). – P. 247-55
Opletal L, Sovova M, Dittrich M, Solich P, Dvorak J, Kratky F, Cerovsky J, Hofbauer J.
"Phytotherapeutic aspects of diseases of the circulatory system. 6. Leuzea carthamoides (WILLD.) DC: the status of research and possible use of the taxon." [Review]

1997
Phytochemistry 1997 Sep;46(1):103-5
Baltayev UA, Dinan L, Girault JP, Lafont R.
Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Bashkortostan Republic Academy of Sciences, Russia.
"24(24(1))[Z]-dehydroamarasterone B, a phytoecdysteroid from seeds of Leuzea carthamoides."
Abstract: A new phytoecdysteroid, 24(24(1))[Z]-dehydroamarasterone B, has been isolated from seeds of Leuzea (Rhaponticum) carthamoides. It has
been unambiguously identified by CIMS, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The biological activity of the ecdysteroid has been determined in
the Drosophila melanogaster BII bioassay. The ED50 (5.2 x 10(-7) M) is 70-fold higher than that for 20-hydroxyecdysone (7.5 x 10(-9) M).

1997
Ceska Slov Farmacie 1997 Dec;46(6):247-55
Opletal L, Sovova M, Dittrich M, Solich P, Dvorak J, Kratky F, Cerovsky J, Hofbauer J.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Rep.
"Phytotherapeutic aspects of diseases of the circulatory system. 6. Leuzea carthamoides (WILLD.) DC: the status of research and possible use
of the taxon" [Review]
Abstract: Leuzea carthamoides (WILLD.) DC., Asteraceae, has become an important taxon usable in human practice and animal production in
recent years. Originally an endemic plant of southern Siberia, now it is widely grown not only in the Union of Independent States, once the original
region of introduction, but also in central and eastern Europe. The principal constituents of the whole plant are ecdysteroids (5
beta-cholest-6-on-7-ene derivatives) and flavonoids. In addition, the aerial part contains sesquiterpenic lactones of the guajanolide type, and the
roots contain polyines (on the thiophene base). The present paper comprehensively discusses the occurrence, content and biological activity of
these substances, the preparations manufactured from the plant, their use in therapeutic practice, food manufacture and animal production in the
world and the Czech Republic. The plant has certainly become a taxon with prospects in the Czech Republic, particularly as the source of
20-hydroxyecdysone, which is getting into the limelight in the world.

1997
J Ethnopharmacol 1997 Jan;55(2):81-5
Vazquez FM, Suarez MA, Perez A.
Departamento de Produccion Forestal, Finca La Orden, Guadajira, Badajoz, (Spain).
"Medicinal plants used in the Barros Area, Badajoz Province, Spain." [Review]
Abstract: A study of the wild and cultivated medicinal plants used in the Barros Area (southern Spain) is reported, 48 plants distributed among 20
different families are used in the treatment of various human diseases. The use of Bellis annua L. Centaurea ornata Wild., Leuzea conifera (L.)
DC., Pulicaria paludosa Link and Asparagus aphyllus L. is reported.

1996
Fitoterapia, 1996.
Lamer-Zarawska E, Serafinowicz W, Gasiorowski K, Brokos B.
"Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide-rich fraction from Rhaponticum carthamoides leaves."

1996
Experientia - 1996 Jul 15; 52(7): 702-6
Slama K, Koudela K, Tenora J, Mathova A
"Insect hormones in vertebrates: anabolic effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone in Japanese quail."
Abstract: Ecdysteroids are hormones controlling cell proliferation, growth and the developmental cycles of insects and other invertebrates. They are occasionally present in various unrelated plants for no apparent reason; no phytohormonal function has yet been identified. In certain cases, ecdysteroids are accumulated to high levels in leaves, roots or seeds. Some ecdysteroid-containing plants have been known as medicinal plants for centuries. One of them, Leuzea carthamoides Iljin (Asteraceae), growing in Central Asia, contains 0.4% ecdysteroid in dry roots and 2% in seeds. A pharmacological preparation from this plant, "Ecdisten', is already available as a commercial preparation for its anabolic, tonic and other effects, for medical use (review). It remained problematic, however, whether ecdysteroids were truly responsible for these effects, because Leuzea contains a number of other biologically active compounds in addition to ecdysteroids. We extracted and purified ecdysteroids from the seeds of Leuzea. With 6 g of 96% 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), we made a large-scale feeding assay with Japanese quail to find out whether ecdysteroid alone could duplicate the anabolic effects of the seeds. We found that the 96% ecdysteroid increased the mass of the developing quails in a dose-dependent manner, with the rate of increase proportional to the ecdysteroid content in the seeds; there was a 115% increase in living mass with 100 mg kg-1 of pure 20E compared with 109.5% increase with 100-180 mg kg-1 20E equivalents in the seeds. We conclude that the plethora of growth-promoting, vitamin-like effects induced in vertebrates by Leuzea is mediated by ecdysteroids.

1996
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996, Apr 16; 93(8): 3346-51
No D, Yao TP, Evans RM.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biomedical Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
"Ecdysone-inducible gene expression in mammalian cells and transgenic mice."
Abstract: During metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster, a cascade of morphological changes is triggered by the steroid hormone 20-OH ecdysone via the ecdysone receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In this report, we have transferred insect hormone responsiveness to mammalian cells by the stable expression of a modified ecdysone receptor that regulates an optimized ecdysone responsive promoter. Inductions reaching 4 orders of magnitude have been achieved upon treatment with hormone. Transgenic mice expressing the modified ecdysone receptor can activate an integrated ecdysone responsive promoter upon administration of hormone. A comparison of tetracycline-based and ecdysone-based inducible systems reveals the ecdysone regulatory system exhibits lower basal activity and higher inducibility. Since ecdysone administration has no apparent effect on mammals, its use for regulating genes should be excellent for transient inducible expression of any gene in transgenic mice and for gene therapy.

1995
Jpn J Pharmacol 1995, May; 68(1): 133-6
Tsujiyama S, Ujihara H, Ishihara K, Sasa M.
Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.
"Potentiation of GABA-induced inhibition by 20-hydroxyecdysone, a neurosteroid, in cultured rat cortical neurons."
Abstract: Effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), a neurosteroid, on cultured rat cortical neurons were examined using the whole cell recording technique. Under the voltage and current clamp conditions, brief application (5 sec) of 20-HE alone did not produce current changes nor any changes in the membrane potential. However, the chemical dose-dependently potentiated the GABA-induced current and hyperpolarization, which were blocked by bicuculline. These results suggest that 20-HE acts on the modulatory site of the GABAA receptor and potentiates GABAergic inhibition in rat cortical neurons.

1995
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1995, Sep-Oct; 58(5): 46-8 in Russian
Gadzhieva RM, Portugalov SN, Paniushkin VV, Kondrat'eva II.
"A comparative study of the anabolic action of ecdysten, leveton and Prime Plus, preparations of plant origin."
Abstract: A new class of anabolic substances includes different saponins, originated from Leuzea rhaponticum sp. The effect of these substances on the human body was studied by caliperometric measurements of body folds. All tested substances taken orally for three weeks diminished fat content under conditions of daily aerobic-anaerobic training. Ekdisten and Prime Plus (combination of ekdisten and pure protein) elevated the muscle mass. The same effect of leventon was less pronounced. We showed that all substances studied elevated the magnitude of "total work", estimated per 1 kg of body weight. Ekdisten and Prime Plus again appeared to be most efficient. The prospects of using the saponins in sport medicine are discussed.

1995
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 1995, 95(4):78-9 in Russian
Ibatov AN.
"The use of a decoction of the rhizome of Leuzea carthamoides for the treatment of alcoholics with depressive states."
Abstract: Decoction of Leuzea carthamoides rhizome was prescribed inside (half glass, 4-5 times a day during 2 months). The group of 37 patients was treated in ambulant clinic. From 28 patients who completed the treatment the remission which protracted up to 2 years was observed in 9 individuals, up to 1 year--in 11 and up to 6 months--in 8 persons. Decoction promoted correction not only depressive manifestations but also gastrointestinal diseases in some somatic patients. For alcoholic patients author recommends to use Leuzea carthamoides in combination with the another methods of therapy of alcoholism. Patients beard decoction administration well and hadn't suffered from any complications.

1995
Eur.J.Entomol 1995, 92: 391-397.
Selepcova L, Sommer A, Vargova M.
"Effect of feeding on a diet containing varying amounts of Rhaponticum carthamoides hay meal on selected morphological parameters in rats."

1995
Eur. J. Entomol. – 1995. Vol. 92. – P. 349-354.
Koudela K, Tenora J, Bajer J, Mathova A, Slama K.
"Simulation of growth and development in Japanese guails after oral administration of ecdysteroid-containing diet."

1993
Phytoparastica. – 1993. Vol. 21. – P. 3-8.
Slama K.
"Ecdysteroids: insect hormones, plant defensive factors, or human medicine?"

1992
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih, 1992. Oct. V. 17 (10). – P.579-81, 638
Guo D, Lou Z.
"Textual study of Chinese drug Loulu"

1992
J. Patent, 1992. N 04,125,135.
Takahashi H, Nishimoto N.
"Antidiabetic agents containing ecdysterone or inokosterone."

1992
Eksp Klin Farmakol 1992 May-Jun; 55(3):61-5
Syrov VN, Khushbaktova ZA, Nabiev AN.
"An experimental study of the hepatoprotective properties of phytoecdysteroids and nerobol in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver lesion."
Abstract: The phytoecdisteroids ecdisterone and cyasterone were administered in a dose of 5 mg/kg per os to rats with hepatitis induced by subcutaneous injections of CCl4. Similarly to the anabolic drug nerobol (10 mg/kg), the above agents not only interfere with the manifestation of the hepatic action of CCl4 (in this case the effect of the phytoecdisteroids is more remarkable) but also favour a more rapid normalization, as compared to the control, of functional and metabolic disorders in the liver. The phytoecdisteroids and nerobol noticeably stimulate the recovery of bile secretion, the synthesis of bilirubin and bile acids, cholesterol excretion.

1992
Nase Liecive Rastliny 1992, 5: 131-132.
Cupka P, Kamenska R.
"Leuzea tekuty extrakt."

1992
Vopr Onkol 1992, 38(9): 1073-80 in Russian
Bespalov VG, Aleksandrov VA, Iaremenko KV, Davydov VV, Lazareva NL, Limarenko AI, Slepian LI, Petrov AS, Troian DN.
"The inhibiting effect of phytoadaptogenic preparations from bioginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Rhaponticum carthamoides on the development of nervous system tumors in rats induced by N-nitrosoethylurea."
Abstract: The study was concerned with the inhibitory effect of officinal preparations of phytoadaptogenic drugs such as bioginseng and Eleutherococcus senticosus and Rhaponticum carthamoides root extracts on the carcinogenesis induced by transplacental administration of N-nitrosoethylurea. The phytodrugs were given orally over a year. The administration of the drugs was followed by longer survival of the rats and lower occurrence and/or multiplicity of tumors (mainly those of the central nervous system). The drugs were placed in the order of decreasing anticarcinogenic activity as follows: bioginseng, Rhaponticum carthamoides extract and Eleutherococcus senticosus extract.

1992
Ukr Biokhim Zh 1992 Mar-Apr; 64(2):56-61
Fomovskaia GN, Berdyshev AG, Kholodova ID.
"Immunomodulating effect of ecdysterones."
Abstract: Ecdysterone, its 20-desoxy-derivative alpha-ecdysone, their 2-desoxy-derivatives ecdysterone 2, 3, 22-triacetate and preparation BTI-4 have been studied for their effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation in different populations of animal and human lymphocytes. It is shown the ecdysteron and its analogs in concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-5) M take considerable stimulating effect on DNA biosynthesis in animal lymphocytes activated by polyclonal mitogens. The concentration of ecdysterone being increased to 10(-4) m one can observe complete inhibition of activating effect of polyclonal mitogens. Effect of the studied ecdysteroids did not considerably depend on their structure. In case of splenocytes the stimulating effect of ecdysterone on DNA biosynthesis is less expressed than in the case of activated thymocytes. Ecdysterone was established to have considerable inhibiting effect on DNA biosynthesis in the culture of activated Con A cells of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy donors.

1990
Herba Hungarica 1990, 29 (1-2): 51-55
Varga E, Sarik G, Hajdu ZS, Szendrei K, Pelczer II, Jerkovich GY.
"Flavonoids from Leuzea carthamoides."

1989
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1989, Sep-Oct 35(5):77-81
Kosovski MI, Syrov VN, Mirakhmedov MM, Katkova SP, Khushbaktova ZA.
"Positive insulin response: The effect of nerobol and ecdysterone on insulin-dependent processes linked normally and in insulin resistance."
Abstract: The effect of substances with anabolic activity (metandienone and ecdysterone phytoecdysteroid) on the manifestation of insulin effects was studied on a model of insulin resistance in rats induced by injections of hydrocortisone or by insulin insufficiency caused by alloxan. The sensitivity of the body to i. v. infusion of insulin and the reactivity of isolated fatty tissue to the hormone were increased after administration of these substances to test animals. The above effects of steroids were determined by nonspecific synthesis of total proteins in cells rather than by an increase in insulin secretion.

1988
Farmakol Toksikol 1988, 51(6): 57-60 Nov-Dec
Chermnykh NS, Shimanovskii NL, Shutko GV, Syrov VN.
"Ecdysterone compared to methandrostenolone (D-bol): The action of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone on the physical endurance of animals and on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles."
Abstract: The results of the comparative study on the myotropic activity of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone and their effects on physical endurance of animals suggested that ecdysterone possessing a wider spectrum of the anabolic action on the contractile proteins of the skeletal muscles exerts a more pronounced influence on physical endurance of animals without their preliminary training.

1988
Phytochemistry 1988, 27: 737-74
Girault J-P, Lafont R, Varga E, Hajdu ZS, Herke I, Szendrei K.
"Ecdysteroids from Leuzea carthamoides."

1988
Biochemical Pharmocology 1988, V. 36 (6). – P. 1177-1180
Lafont R, Girault JP, Kerb U.
"Excretion and metabolism of injected ecdysone in the white mouse."

1987
Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 1987, 13(4): 70
Mosharrof AH.
Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
"Effects of extract from Rhapontcum carthamoides (Willd) Iljin (Leuzea) on learning and memory in rats."
Abstract: The effects of extract from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd) Ijin (Leuzea) on the processes of learning and memory in rats were investigated. R. carthamoides was administered orally in doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 g/kg body weight for 10 days prior to the training session. Using the maze-training method of active avoidance with punitive reinforcement, R. carthamoides improved the learning and memory indices to one degree or another depending on the dose applied. Using the "staircase-maze" method of training with food reinforcement, the low dose of R. carthamoides had no effect, while the high dose deteriorated learning. Using the method of step-through passive avoidance with punitive reinforcement, all three doses of R. carthamoides did not affect substantially the memory indices. R. carthamoides in a dose of 0.5 g/kg, administered orally for 10 days prior to the training, completely eliminated the scopolamine-induced memory impairment.

1986
Herba Hungarica 1986, 25 (1): 115-133
Varga E, Szendrei K, Hajdu, SZ, Hornok L, Csaki GY.
"Study of the compounds contained in Hungarian-grown Leuzea carthamoides DC. (Asteracae) with special regard to the ecdysteroids."

1985
Herba Hungarica 1985, 24 (2-3): 165-176
Varga AE, Szendrei K, Hajdu ZS.
"Investigation of the adaptogenous Leuzeae radix and preparations produced of."

1985
Comp Biochem Physiol [B] - 1985; 81(3): 771-5
Catalan RE, Martinez AM, Aragones MD, Miguel BG, Robles A, Godoy JE.
"Alterations in rat lipid metabolism following ecdysterone treatment."
Abstract: The influence of ecdysterone on the lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue from rat was investigated using 14C-acetate and 32P-orthophosphate as precursors. Ecdysterone produced an increase in 14C-acetate incorporation into triglycerides. A concomitant decrease in free fatty acids and diglycerides was observed. The effect of ecdysterone on triglyceride lipase activity was investigated and a significant decrease was found. Ecdysterone produced a significant increase in the specific activity of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in liver. On the contrary, the specific activity of phosphatidylcholine was reduced. In adipose tissue, the most evident effect observed was the increase of specific activity of phosphatidylcholine. These results contribute to knowledge of the heterophylic action of ecdysterone.

1984
Planta Med 1984, Jun;50(3): 205-9
Petkov V, Roussinov K, Todorov S, Lazarova M, Yonkov D, Draganova S.
"Pharmacological investigations on Rhaponticum carthamoides."

1984
Phytochemistry 1984, 23: 901-902.
Szendrei K, Reisch J, Varga E.
"Tiophene acetylenes from leuzea roots."

1980
In: Atlas Arealov i ResursovLekarstvennykh Rasteni. Moskav. p.103, 263. (1980): Maralii koren
Postnikov BA.
"Rhaponticum carthamoides/Willd.Iljin, Leuzea carthamoides DC".

1976
Farmakol Toksikol 1976, 39(6): 690-3 Nov-Dec
Syrov VN, Kurmukov AG.
"This study shows anabolic effects with no androgenic effects as compared to D-bol: Anabolic activity of phytoecdysone-ecdysterone isolated from Rhaponticum carthamoides."
Abstract: Introduction of phytiexdizone-exdisterone (0.5 mg/100 g) to rats for 7 days is shown to be attended by an accelerated body weight gain and also by a rising weight of the liver, heart, kidneys and musculus tibialis anterior. In these organs the total amount of protein increases. All of the above-stated changes are more marked when the substance is given to growing rats (70--80 g). In experiments on castrated sexually immature rats the androgenic action of exdisterone, unlike that of methandrostenolone, is not demonstrable.

1975
Rosselkhozdat 1975. Moskva, 346 p.
Vavilova PP, Kondratev AA.
"Novyje kormovue kultury."

1974
Invertebrate Endocrinology and Hormonal Heterophylly. – Springer-Verlag.: Berlin, 1974. – P. 401-416
Uchiyama M, Yoshida T.
"Effect of ecdysterone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism."

1969
Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1969. V. 17 (1). – P. 75-81
Otaka T. et all.
"Stimulation of protein synthesis in mouse liver by ecdysone."

1974
Invertebrate Endocrinology and Hormonal Heterophylly. – Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974. – P. 341-344.
Ogawa S, Nishimoto N, Matsuda H.
"Pharmacology of ecdysones in Vertebrates."

1967
Vopr Onkol 1967;13(5):99-101
Vershinina SF.
"On the effect of Leuzea carthamoides extract and sarcolysin on the course of lympholeukosis in NK-Ly mice."

1966
Tomsk Univ. 3-23. 1966
Saratikov AS.
"Nekotorye itogi izyskannya i izucheniya stimulyatorov tsentralnoi nervnoi sistemy rastitelnogo proiskhozhdeniya. in Stiulatory Tsent. Nervn. Syst. Izd.