Vet Surg. 2004 Nov-Dec;33(6):650-60.
Analgesic comparison of meloxicam or
ketoprofen for orthopedic surgery in dogs.
Deneuche AJ, Dufayet C, Goby L, Fayolle P, Desbois C.
Sections of Surgery and Anesthesia, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire
d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Gle. De Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex,
France.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of 2 analgesic protocols
(preoperative meloxicam or intraoperative ketoprofen administration)
during the first 24 hours after orthopedic surgery in dogs. STUDY
DESIGN: Double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS:
Sixty client-owned dogs. METHODS: Dogs with surgical orthopedic
disorders were randomly separated into 2 groups: 30 dogs were administered
0.2 mg/kg meloxicam intravenously (IV) immediately before induction
and 30 dogs were administered 2 mg/kg ketoprofen IV, 30 minutes
before the end of surgery. Pain was assessed with a visual analog
scale (VAS) and a cumulative pain score (CPS) preoperatively and
at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after extubation.
Selected serum biochemical variables were measured before and 24
hours after surgery and, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and
whole blood clotting time (WBCT) were measured before and 8 hours
after surgery. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol and maintained
on halothane in oxygen. Any complications were documented for 7
days after surgery. Results were compared between the 2 groups for
significant differences in VAS scores (2-sample t-test) and in CPS
(Wilcoxon's 2-sample test). Moreover, results were analyzed for
significant differences in area under the curve (AUC) for VAS (2-sample
t-test) and CPS (Wilcoxon's 2-sample test) among groups. To assess
the effects of treatments on biochemical and coagulation functions,
pre- and postoperative mean values of BMBT and WBCT were compared
within both treatment groups (paired t-tests) and between both groups
(2-sample t-test). RESULTS: No significant differences in pain response
or coagulation were found between meloxicam- and ketoprofen-treated
dogs. In both groups, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase
concentrations were significantly increased compared with baseline.
No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative administration
of meloxicam is a safe and effective method of controlling postoperative
pain for up to 24 hours in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. CLINICAL
RELEVANCE: Analgesia after administration of preoperative meloxicam
was comparable with administration of ketoprofen at the end of the
surgery.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004 Oct 1;225(7):1056-60.
Effects of meloxicam on severity of lameness
and other clinical signs of osteoarthritis in dogs.
Peterson KD, Keefe TJ.
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc, 2621 N Belt Hwy, St Joseph,
MO 64506, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of meloxicam on severity of lameness
and other clinical signs in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN:
Randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. ANIMALS: 217
client-owned dogs with clinical and radiographic signs of OA.
PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with meloxicam
(n = 105; 0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb], SC, once on day 1, then 0.1
mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h, for 13 days) or a placebo (n
= 112). A general clinical score was assigned by investigators
on days 1 (ie, prior to initiation of treatment), 8, and 15 on
the basis of severity of lameness, extent of weight bearing, and
severity of signs during palpation of the affected joint. Owners
and investigators provided overall evaluations on days 8 and 15.
RESULTS: Dogs treated with meloxicam had significantly greater
improvements in general clinical scores, compared with baseline
scores, on days 8 and 15 than did dogs treated with placebo. On
days 8 and 15, percentages of dogs treated with meloxicam in which
owners and investigators considered treatment to be successful
were significantly higher than percentages of control dogs in
which treatment was considered to be successful. No abnormalities
in hematologic and serum biochemical test results were detected.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that compared
with administration of a placebo, administration of meloxicam
for 14 days significantly improved the clinical condition of dogs
with OA without causing adverse effects.
Am J Vet Res. 2004 Oct;65(10):1384-90. Effect of meloxicam and carprofen on renal
function when administered to healthy dogs prior to anesthesia
and painful stimulation.
Crandell DE, Mathews KA, Dyson DH.
Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University
of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether administration of the nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs meloxicam or carprofen to healthy dogs
that were subsequently anesthetized and subjected to painful electrical
stimulation has adverse effects on renal function as measured
by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and evaluation of serum concentrations
of urea and creatinine. ANIMALS: 6 male and 6 female healthy young-adult
Beagles. PROCEDURE: A study was conducted in accordance with a
randomized crossover Latin-square design. One of 3 treatments
(saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, 0.2 mg of meloxicam/kg, or 4.0 mg
of carprofen/kg) was administered i.v. 1 hour before anesthesia
was induced by use of drugs in accordance with a standard anesthetic
protocol (butorphanol tartrate and acepromazine maleate as preanesthetic
medications, ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam for induction,
and maintenance with isoflurane). Anesthetized dogs were subjected
to intermittent electrical stimulation for 30 minutes. Direct,
mean arterial blood pressure; heart rate; and respiratory rate
were monitored. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was maintained
at 1.5 times the minimum alveolar concentration. The GFR, as measured
by plasma clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid,
and serum concentrations of serum and creatinine were determined
24 hours after induction of anesthesia. RESULTS: Neither meloxicam
nor carprofen significantly affected GFR or serum concentrations
of urea and creatinine, compared with values for the saline treatment.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When administered 1 hour before
onset of anesthesia and painful electrical stimulation, meloxicam
or carprofen did not cause clinically important alterations of
renal function in young healthy dogs.
Vet Rec. 2004 Nov 20;155(21):667-71. Comparison of the analgesic effects
of meloxicam and carprofen administered preoperatively to dogs
undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
Laredo FG, Belda E, Murciano J, Escobar M, Navarro A, Robinson
KJ, Jones RS.
Departamento de Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Murcia,
Campus de Espinardo, 30.100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain.
Thirty-two dogs undergoing operations to repair a torn cranial
cruciate ligament or a fractured long bone were randomly allocated
to one of two treatment groups in a study on postoperative pain.
Sixteen of the dogs were given 4 mg/kg carprofen and the other
16 were given 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam subcutaneously before the operation.
The signs of pain shown by the animals were assessed for 24 hours
on a visual analogue scale, a discontinuous scoring system, and
a score based on five behavioural and physiological variables.
The dogs' heart and respiratory rates and their mean arterial
blood pressures were also measured non-invasively at each assessment.
Blood samples were taken before the surgery and 24 hours after
it, and the concentrations of urea and creatinine were measured
in plasma. Both drugs were effective in relieving the signs of
pain for up to 24 hours in all the dogs. There were no significant
changes in the concentrations of urea and creatinine, and no adverse
effects were reported during the postoperative period.
